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Visual display units:Job content and stress in office work
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Book : Visual display units:Job content and stress in office work Author : * Fe Josefina F.Dy Language : English Library : Health-Safety-Environment Publish Place : Geneva ISBN : 92-2-105083-1 Publish Date : January 1985 Publisher : International Labour Office (ILO) Book Type : Book Book Number : 1611 |
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INDEX
CONTENTS Introduction.Focus of the study Methodological approach
1. The changing nature of office work
Origins and context of data-entry work
The rationalisation of office work: scientific management.
The mechanisation of office work.
Modern data entry: equipment and tasks
Keypunching
Word processing.
Present and future extent of data-entry jobs.
2. Data-entry work: Work organisation and working time
Work organisation and job content...............
Autonomy, responsibility and control............
Workload, work intensity and work pace
Skills and careers ..........................
Social support and communication. .............
Working time ..............................
Normal hours of work ......................
Overtime ................................
Shift work ...............................
Part-time employment.......................
Rest pauses ..............................
3. Health, safety and ergonomic aspects of data-entry workplaces
The working environment............................
Lighting. ......................................
Noise. ........................................
Ventilation and humidity. ..........................
The data-entry work station ..........................
The VDU screen. ................................
The keyboard...................................
Furniture and work station configuration ...............
Effects on the worker of poorly designed work stations.......
Visual discomfort................................
Postural discomfort. ..............................
4. Data-entry work and occupational stress.
Myths about stress at work. ..........
Sources of stress ..................
Visual display units: Job content and stress in office work
Work organisation and job content factors......................
Interaction of work organisation and job content factors............
Working time...........................................
Remuneration and incentive systems. ..........................
Working environment factors. ...............................
Interaction between working environment and work organisation factors The role of individual differences. ..............................
Age. .................................................
Sex, marital status and socio-economic situation ..................
Skills and qualifications. ...................................
Personality and work attitudes. ..............................
Effects and consequences of occupational stress ....................
Immediate physiological, psychological and behavioural effects. .......
Long-term medical consequences .............................
Long-term psychological consequences.........................
Long-term behavioural consequences ..........................
Relationship between conditions of work and life outside work .......
5. The potential to improve data-entry work .........................
Introduction ..............................................
Alternatives to keyboard-based data entry .........................
Character recognition ......................................
Voice recognition .........................................
Improvements in physical working environment, equipment and office layout
Physical working environment................................
Equipment..............................................
Office layout. ............................................
Improvements to full-time data-entry work ........................
Work organisation and job content ............................
Working time............................................
Improvements through recombination of tasks and work design .........
Work organisation and job content ............................
Working time............................................
Participants in the process of change .............................
The role of government.....................................
the role of management....................................
The role of trade tnions ....................................
Figures
1. Percentage of workers reporting selected health symptoms "almost daily" by longest time worked on VDUs without a break, Canada, 1980. ..........
2. Ways in which stress can contribute to heart disease..................
Acknowledgements
For permission to reproduce copyright material, grateful acknowledgement is due to following: Dartnell Corporation, Chicago (example 1, p. 17); John Wiley and Sons, New York Chichester, United Kingdom (example 2, p. 18); Christine Davis and Online Publications, Uxbrii United Kingdom (example 3, p. 19); CLC Educational Services (formerly CLC Labour Educai and Studies Centre), Ottawa (figure 1, p. 43); Thomas Nelson and Sons. Walton-on-Thames, Un Kingdom (figure 2, p. 95)
Abbreviations
ANACT Agence nationale pour 1'amelioration des conditions de travail (France]
BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics (United States)
CHD coronary heart disease
CLC Canadian Labor Congress
CRT cathode ray tube
EDP electronic data processing
EEC European Economic Community
FIET International Federation of Commercial, Clerical and Technical Employees
MICR magnetic ink character recognition
MT/ST Magnetic Tape Selectric Typewriter
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (United States)
OCR optical character recognition
OMR optical mark recognition
RF radio frequency
TUC Trades Union Congress (United Kingdom)
VDT visual display terminal
VDU visual display unit
