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A Treatise On Albuminuria
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Book : A Treatise On Albuminuria Author : * W. Howship Dickinson * M. D. Cantab Language : English Library : Health-Safety-Environment Publish Place : Amerika Publisher : William Wood and Company Book Type : Book Book Number : 8671 |
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INDEX
CONTEINTS.CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Structure of kidney-Its post-mortem state in health--Tables showing appear-
ances presented by tubes and epithelium in sixty-five healthy kidneys--Fatty
degeration of epithelim--Normal appearances of the epithelium, tubes,
fibrous tissue, and blood-vessels--Changes which may be taken as signs of
diseanse --Classiification of renal disease-Disease of the tubes, or tubal nephri-
tis, sometimes intertubally complicated ; of the fibrous tissue or granular de-
generation; of the blood and blood-vessels, or lardaceous change. 1
CHAPTER II.
ALBUMINOUS URINE AND FIBRINOUS CASTS IN THEIR GENERAL RELATION TO THE
PATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY.
Albuminuria from state of blood-From alterations in the kidney--Transudation
of serum, caused by renal congestion, by peculiar alteration in renal Vessels,
or by loss to the tubes of their epithelial lining-Fibrinous casts derived like
albumen from the liquor sanguinis--Their varieties and indications. 11
CHAPTER III.
PATHOLOGY or. NEPHRİTIS.
Change often limited to tubes --Acute form, congested kidney, changes evident to
naked eye and With the mioroscope --More chronic variety, large white kid-
ney, similarly considered--Obstruotion of tubes--Frequent participation of
the interstitial tissue in the--inflammatory process--Fatty degeneration--Renal
results of nephritis summarized--Mode of examining kidney with the microscope 16
CHAPTER IV.
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS OF NEPHRITIS.
Sex and age of subjects--Causes--Symptoms--Dropsy, laryngeal oedema, infilam-
matory and uraemic attacks-Symptoms in children and adults compared--
Tendency to recovery--Duration of disease-Causes of death--Tabular an-
alysis of symptoms--Urine; its general microscopical and chemical charac-
ters--Cases illustrating natural history of disease 27
CHAPTER V.
CAUSES OF NEPHRITIS CONSIDERED IN DETAIL
Cold-Circumstances in which nephritis thence arises ; temperate climate predis
posing cause; Arctic experiences--Relation of nervous system to inflammation
of kidney--Cases of nephritis produced by exposure, in one of which rupture
of kidney occurred--Scarlatina as cause of renal disease; resultant organic
changes; cases illustrating symptoms and pathology of scarlatinal dropsy--
Other febrile disorders as causes of nephritis--Instance of the origin of the
disorder in acute rheumatism-Irritants foreign to the system as causes of
renal inflammation; toxic albuminuria. 52
CHAPTER VI.
TREATMENT OF NEPHRITIS.
Methods pursued by Bright, Christison, Prout, Todd, Johnson, Bence Jones, etc.
--General consideration of principles and details of treatment : blood-letting,
use of Water as a diuretic, digitalis, purgatives, iron--Antimony--Acupunc-
ture--Treatment of head-symptoms and of inflammatory complications
Cases illustrating treatment. 84
CHAPTER VII.
PATHOLOGY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Significance of the granular surface- Early stage of granular degeneration--Ad-
vanced stage--Alterations in appearance of 0rgan-Changes in interstitial
tissue, With consequent alterations in tubes, malpighian bodies. and epithelial
cells--Cysts-Renal blood-vessels obstructed--Extra-renal Vascular changes_
Vies of Guull and Sutton. 94
cHAPTER VIII.
CLINICAL HISTORY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION,
Sex anti age of its subjects--Causes and antecedents--Unconnected with tubercle
--Climatic predisposition-Heredity--Gout, lead and alcohol--Valvular dis-
ease of heart; example of this origin of the renal disorder--Pregnancy; in-
stances of renal disease produced thereby--Scarlatina intermittent fever, re-
tention of urine and general fibrosis as causes of granular degeneration. 105
CHAPTER IX.
SYMPTOMS OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION OF THE KIDNEY.
Insidious beginning-Change of complexion-Early signs--Signs of more advanced
disease--Dyspepsia--Dropsy--Mental depression-Uraemic asthma-Hemor-
rhagic attacks, apoplexy, retinal hemorrhage --Intlammatory complications;
ulceration of bowel--Cerebral uremia--Tableb of symptoms --Urine: its gen-
eral microscopic and Chemical characters--Cases illustrating the. progress and
complications of the disease. 126
CHAPTER X.
TREATMENT OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Capable of alleviation though not of cure--Change of climate--Use of Turkish
and vapor baths-Of purgatives--Iron-Food and drink--Treatment of dropsy
by iron, diuretics, purging, sweating, and puncture--Of dyspepsia and vomit-
ing--Of uraemic head-symptoms--Intolerance of opium--Treatment of inflam- `
matory attacks, of renal asthma, of laryngeal oedema, of apoplexy, and of
epistaxis--Induction of premature labor--Cases illustrating therapeutical
points. 157
CHAPTER X1.
PATHOLOGY OF THE LARDACEUs DISEASE.
Organic change variously designated--Widely distributed--Parts affected--Depo-
sition of new material detected by reaction of iodine--Situations and charac-
ters of deposit--Resembles dealkalized fibrin--Mineral constituents of affected
organs--Organic enlargement contrasted with that of rickets -Artificial pro-
duction of lardaceous reaction--The two causes of the disease, suppuration
and syphilis, considered--Morbid anatomy with reference to the kidneys-
General changes; reaction of iodine-Association with interstitial fibrosis,
changes in tubes, development of cysts--Connection between pathology and :
Symptoms.167
CHAPTER XII
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYPTOMS OF LARDACEOUS DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY.
Sex and age of subjects--Disorder easy of recognition when antecedents are ap-
parent--Access of symptoms--Course slow, sometimes latent-Polyuria, thirst,
dropsy --İnflammatory complications -- Diarrhoea and vomiting -- Cerebral
uraemia-Causes of death--Cardio-vascular changes--Hemorrhagic attacks-
Endocarditis--Table of symptoms-Characters of urine, general, microscopic,
and chemical--Cases illustrating Origin and course and surgical aspects of the
disease. 188
CHAPTER XIII
TREATMENT OF THE LARDACEOUS DISEASE.
Preventive--Arrest of suppuration--Medical aspect of surgical operations--Com-
pensative treatment of suppuration--Curative measures--Iodide of potassium
--Potash--Treatment of symptoms; of dropsy ; of uraemic attacks ; of di-
arrhoea, etc.--Cases illustrative of treatment. 212
CHAPTER XIV.
ON THE CONDITION OF THE HEART AND ARTERIES IN CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE.
Views of Bright, of Johnson, of Gull and Sutton--Morbid anatomy of thickened
arteries--Distribution of ventricular hypertrophy--Appeal to the pathology
of childhood, With instances of cardio-vascular change in many circumstances
of early renal disease,CONTEINTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Structure of kidney-Its post-mortem state in health--Tables showing appear-
ances presented by tubes and epithelium in sixty-five healthy kidneys--Fatty
degeration of epithelim--Normal appearances of the epithelium, tubes,
fibrous tissue, and blood-vessels--Changes which may be taken as signs of
diseanse --Classiification of renal disease-Disease of the tubes, or tubal nephri-
tis, sometimes intertubally complicated ; of the fibrous tissue or granular de-
generation; of the blood and blood-vessels, or lardaceous change. 1
CHAPTER II.
ALBUMINOUS URINE AND FIBRINOUS CASTS IN THEIR GENERAL RELATION TO THE
PATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY.
Albuminuria from state of blood-From alterations in the kidney--Transudation
of serum, caused by renal congestion, by peculiar alteration in renal Vessels,
or by loss to the tubes of their epithelial lining-Fibrinous casts derived like
albumen from the liquor sanguinis--Their varieties and indications. 11
CHAPTER III.
PATHOLOGY or. NEPHRİTIS.
Change often limited to tubes --Acute form, congested kidney, changes evident to
naked eye and With the mioroscope --More chronic variety, large white kid-
ney, similarly considered--Obstruotion of tubes--Frequent participation of
the interstitial tissue in the--inflammatory process--Fatty degeneration--Renal
results of nephritis summarized--Mode of examining kidney with the microscope 16
CHAPTER IV.
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS OF NEPHRITIS.
Sex and age of subjects--Causes--Symptoms--Dropsy, laryngeal oedema, infilam-
matory and uraemic attacks-Symptoms in children and adults compared--
Tendency to recovery--Duration of disease-Causes of death--Tabular an-
alysis of symptoms--Urine; its general microscopical and chemical charac-
ters--Cases illustrating natural history of disease 27
CHAPTER V.
CAUSES OF NEPHRITIS CONSIDERED IN DETAIL
Cold-Circumstances in which nephritis thence arises ; temperate climate predis
posing cause; Arctic experiences--Relation of nervous system to inflammation
of kidney--Cases of nephritis produced by exposure, in one of which rupture
of kidney occurred--Scarlatina as cause of renal disease; resultant organic
changes; cases illustrating symptoms and pathology of scarlatinal dropsy--
Other febrile disorders as causes of nephritis--Instance of the origin of the
disorder in acute rheumatism-Irritants foreign to the system as causes of
renal inflammation; toxic albuminuria. 52
CHAPTER VI.
TREATMENT OF NEPHRITIS.
Methods pursued by Bright, Christison, Prout, Todd, Johnson, Bence Jones, etc.
--General consideration of principles and details of treatment : blood-letting,
use of Water as a diuretic, digitalis, purgatives, iron--Antimony--Acupunc-
ture--Treatment of head-symptoms and of inflammatory complications
Cases illustrating treatment. 84
CHAPTER VII.
PATHOLOGY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Significance of the granular surface- Early stage of granular degeneration--Ad-
vanced stage--Alterations in appearance of 0rgan-Changes in interstitial
tissue, With consequent alterations in tubes, malpighian bodies. and epithelial
cells--Cysts-Renal blood-vessels obstructed--Extra-renal Vascular changes_
Vies of Guull and Sutton. 94
cHAPTER VIII.
CLINICAL HISTORY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION,
Sex anti age of its subjects--Causes and antecedents--Unconnected with tubercle
--Climatic predisposition-Heredity--Gout, lead and alcohol--Valvular dis-
ease of heart; example of this origin of the renal disorder--Pregnancy; in-
stances of renal disease produced thereby--Scarlatina intermittent fever, re-
tention of urine and general fibrosis as causes of granular degeneration. 105
CHAPTER IX.
SYMPTOMS OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION OF THE KIDNEY.
Insidious beginning-Change of complexion-Early signs--Signs of more advanced
disease--Dyspepsia--Dropsy--Mental depression-Uraemic asthma-Hemor-
rhagic attacks, apoplexy, retinal hemorrhage --Intlammatory complications;
ulceration of bowel--Cerebral uremia--Tableb of symptoms --Urine: its gen-
eral microscopic and Chemical characters--Cases illustrating the. progress and
complications of the disease. 126
CHAPTER X.
TREATMENT OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Capable of alleviation though not of cure--Change of climate--Use of Turkish
and vapor baths-Of purgatives--Iron-Food and drink--Treatment of dropsy
by iron, diuretics, purging, sweating, and puncture--Of dyspepsia and vomit-
ing--Of uraemic head-symptoms--Intolerance of opium--Treatment of inflam- `
matory attacks, of renal asthma, of laryngeal oedema, of apoplexy, and of
epistaxis--Induction of premature labor--Cases illustrating therapeutical
points. 157
CHAPTER X1.
PATHOLOGY OF THE LARDACEUs DISEASE.
Organic change variously designated--Widely distributed--Parts affected--Depo-
sition of new material detected by reaction of iodine--Situations and charac-
ters of deposit--Resembles dealkalized fibrin--Mineral constituents of affected
organs--Organic enlargement contrasted with that of rickets -Artificial pro-
duction of lardaceous reaction--The two causes of the disease, suppuration
and syphilis, considered--Morbid anatomy with reference to the kidneys-
General changes; reaction of iodine-Association with interstitial fibrosis,
changes in tubes, development of cysts--Connection between pathology and :
Symptoms.167
CHAPTER XII
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYPTOMS OF LARDACEOUS DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY.
Sex and age of subjects--Disorder easy of recognition when antecedents are ap-
parent--Access of symptoms--Course slow, sometimes latent-Polyuria, thirst,
dropsy --İnflammatory complications -- Diarrhoea and vomiting -- Cerebral
uraemia-Causes of death--Cardio-vascular changes--Hemorrhagic attacks-
Endocarditis--Table of symptoms-Characters of urine, general, microscopic,
and chemical--Cases illustrating Origin and course and surgical aspects of the
disease. 188
CHAPTER XIII
TREATMENT OF THE LARDACEOUS DISEASE.
Preventive--Arrest of suppuration--Medical aspect of surgical operations--Com-
pensative treatment of suppuration--Curative measures--Iodide of potassium
--Potash--Treatment of symptoms; of dropsy ; of uraemic attacks ; of di-
arrhoea, etc.--Cases illustrative of treatment. 212
CHAPTER XIV.
ON THE CONDITION OF THE HEART AND ARTERIES IN CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE.
Views of Bright, of Johnson, of Gull and Sutton--Morbid anatomy of thickened
arteries--Distribution of ventricular hypertrophy--Appeal to the pathology
of childhood, With instances of cardio-vascular change in many circumstances
of early renal disease, and inferences therefrom-Results of destruction of
renal substance by calculous disease--Evidence of sphygmograph--General
conclusions. 223
CHAPTER XV.
ON THE RETINAL CHANGES COMMON TO ALBUMINURIA.
Passing blindness of CONTEINTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Structure of kidney-Its post-mortem state in health--Tables showing appear-
ances presented by tubes and epithelium in sixty-five healthy kidneys--Fatty
degeration of epithelim--Normal appearances of the epithelium, tubes,
fibrous tissue, and blood-vessels--Changes which may be taken as signs of
diseanse --Classiification of renal disease-Disease of the tubes, or tubal nephri-
tis, sometimes intertubally complicated ; of the fibrous tissue or granular de-
generation; of the blood and blood-vessels, or lardaceous change. 1
CHAPTER II.
ALBUMINOUS URINE AND FIBRINOUS CASTS IN THEIR GENERAL RELATION TO THE
PATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY.
Albuminuria from state of blood-From alterations in the kidney--Transudation
of serum, caused by renal congestion, by peculiar alteration in renal Vessels,
or by loss to the tubes of their epithelial lining-Fibrinous casts derived like
albumen from the liquor sanguinis--Their varieties and indications. 11
CHAPTER III.
PATHOLOGY or. NEPHRİTIS.
Change often limited to tubes --Acute form, congested kidney, changes evident to
naked eye and With the mioroscope --More chronic variety, large white kid-
ney, similarly considered--Obstruotion of tubes--Frequent participation of
the interstitial tissue in the--inflammatory process--Fatty degeneration--Renal
results of nephritis summarized--Mode of examining kidney with the microscope 16
CHAPTER IV.
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS OF NEPHRITIS.
Sex and age of subjects--Causes--Symptoms--Dropsy, laryngeal oedema, infilam-
matory and uraemic attacks-Symptoms in children and adults compared--
Tendency to recovery--Duration of disease-Causes of death--Tabular an-
alysis of symptoms--Urine; its general microscopical and chemical charac-
ters--Cases illustrating natural history of disease 27
CHAPTER V.
CAUSES OF NEPHRITIS CONSIDERED IN DETAIL
Cold-Circumstances in which nephritis thence arises ; temperate climate predis
posing cause; Arctic experiences--Relation of nervous system to inflammation
of kidney--Cases of nephritis produced by exposure, in one of which rupture
of kidney occurred--Scarlatina as cause of renal disease; resultant organic
changes; cases illustrating symptoms and pathology of scarlatinal dropsy--
Other febrile disorders as causes of nephritis--Instance of the origin of the
disorder in acute rheumatism-Irritants foreign to the system as causes of
renal inflammation; toxic albuminuria. 52
CHAPTER VI.
TREATMENT OF NEPHRITIS.
Methods pursued by Bright, Christison, Prout, Todd, Johnson, Bence Jones, etc.
--General consideration of principles and details of treatment : blood-letting,
use of Water as a diuretic, digitalis, purgatives, iron--Antimony--Acupunc-
ture--Treatment of head-symptoms and of inflammatory complications
Cases illustrating treatment. 84
CHAPTER VII.
PATHOLOGY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Significance of the granular surface- Early stage of granular degeneration--Ad-
vanced stage--Alterations in appearance of 0rgan-Changes in interstitial
tissue, With consequent alterations in tubes, malpighian bodies. and epithelial
cells--Cysts-Renal blood-vessels obstructed--Extra-renal Vascular changes_
Vies of Guull and Sutton. 94
cHAPTER VIII.
CLINICAL HISTORY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION,
Sex anti age of its subjects--Causes and antecedents--Unconnected with tubercle
--Climatic predisposition-Heredity--Gout, lead and alcohol--Valvular dis-
ease of heart; example of this origin of the renal disorder--Pregnancy; in-
stances of renal disease produced thereby--Scarlatina intermittent fever, re-
tention of urine and general fibrosis as causes of granular degeneration. 105
CHAPTER IX.
SYMPTOMS OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION OF THE KIDNEY.
Insidious beginning-Change of complexion-Early signs--Signs of more advanced
disease--Dyspepsia--Dropsy--Mental depression-Uraemic asthma-Hemor-
rhagic attacks, apoplexy, retinal hemorrhage --Intlammatory complications;
ulceration of bowel--Cerebral uremia--Tableb of symptoms --Urine: its gen-
eral microscopic and Chemical characters--Cases illustrating the. progress and
complications of the disease. 126
CHAPTER X.
TREATMENT OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Capable of alleviation though not of cure--Change of climate--Use of Turkish
and vapor baths-Of purgatives--Iron-Food and drink--Treatment of dropsy
by iron, diuretics, purging, sweating, and puncture--Of dyspepsia and vomit-
ing--Of uraemic head-symptoms--Intolerance of opium--Treatment of inflam- `
matory attacks, of renal asthma, of laryngeal oedema, of apoplexy, and of
epistaxis--Induction of premature labor--Cases illustrating therapeutical
points. 157
CHAPTER X1.
PATHOLOGY OF THE LARDACEUs DISEASE.
Organic change variously designated--Widely distributed--Parts affected--Depo-
sition of new material detected by reaction of iodine--Situations and charac-
ters of deposit--Resembles dealkalized fibrin--Mineral constituents of affected
organs--Organic enlargement contrasted with that of rickets -Artificial pro-
duction of lardaceous reaction--The two causes of the disease, suppuration
and syphilis, considered--Morbid anatomy with reference to the kidneys-
General changes; reaction of iodine-Association with interstitial fibrosis,
changes in tubes, development of cysts--Connection between pathology and :
Symptoms.167
CHAPTER XII
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYPTOMS OF LARDACEOUS DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY.
Sex and age of subjects--Disorder easy of recognition when antecedents are ap-
parent--Access of symptoms--Course slow, sometimes latent-Polyuria, thirst,
dropsy --İnflammatory complications -- Diarrhoea and vomiting -- Cerebral
uraemia-Causes of death--Cardio-vascular changes--Hemorrhagic attacks-
Endocarditis--Table of symptoms-Characters of urine, general, microscopic,
and chemical--Cases illustrating Origin and course and surgical aspects of the
disease. 188
CHAPTER XIII
TREATMENT OF THE LARDACEOUS DISEASE.
Preventive--Arrest of suppuration--Medical aspect of surgical operations--Com-
pensative treatment of suppuration--Curative measures--Iodide of potassium
--Potash--Treatment of symptoms; of dropsy ; of uraemic attacks ; of di-
arrhoea, etc.--Cases illustrative of treatment. 212
CHAPTER XIV.
ON THE CONDITION OF THE HEART AND ARTERIES IN CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE.
Views of Bright, of Johnson, of Gull and Sutton--Morbid anatomy of thickened
arteries--Distribution of ventricular hypertrophy--Appeal to the pathology
of childhood, With instances of cardio-vascular change in many circumstances
of early renal disease, and inferences therefrom-Results of destruction of
renal substance by calculous disease--Evidence of sphygmograph--General
conclusions. 223
CHAPTER XV.
ON THE RETINAL CHANGES COMMON TO ALBUMINURIA.
Passing blindness of uraemic origin-Retinal changes, oedema, hemorrhage, white
spots--Post-mortem appearances of eye--Disturbances of vision--Treatment
of retinal disorder--Its distribution in relation to the several forms of renal
disease. 244
CHAPTER XVI.
THE BLOOD IN ALBUMINURCONTEINTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Structure of kidney-Its post-mortem state in health--Tables showing appear-
ances presented by tubes and epithelium in sixty-five healthy kidneys--Fatty
degeration of epithelim--Normal appearances of the epithelium, tubes,
fibrous tissue, and blood-vessels--Changes which may be taken as signs of
diseanse --Classiification of renal disease-Disease of the tubes, or tubal nephri-
tis, sometimes intertubally complicated ; of the fibrous tissue or granular de-
generation; of the blood and blood-vessels, or lardaceous change. 1
CHAPTER II.
ALBUMINOUS URINE AND FIBRINOUS CASTS IN THEIR GENERAL RELATION TO THE
PATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY.
Albuminuria from state of blood-From alterations in the kidney--Transudation
of serum, caused by renal congestion, by peculiar alteration in renal Vessels,
or by loss to the tubes of their epithelial lining-Fibrinous casts derived like
albumen from the liquor sanguinis--Their varieties and indications. 11
CHAPTER III.
PATHOLOGY or. NEPHRİTIS.
Change often limited to tubes --Acute form, congested kidney, changes evident to
naked eye and With the mioroscope --More chronic variety, large white kid-
ney, similarly considered--Obstruotion of tubes--Frequent participation of
the interstitial tissue in the--inflammatory process--Fatty degeneration--Renal
results of nephritis summarized--Mode of examining kidney with the microscope 16
CHAPTER IV.
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS OF NEPHRITIS.
Sex and age of subjects--Causes--Symptoms--Dropsy, laryngeal oedema, infilam-
matory and uraemic attacks-Symptoms in children and adults compared--
Tendency to recovery--Duration of disease-Causes of death--Tabular an-
alysis of symptoms--Urine; its general microscopical and chemical charac-
ters--Cases illustrating natural history of disease 27
CHAPTER V.
CAUSES OF NEPHRITIS CONSIDERED IN DETAIL
Cold-Circumstances in which nephritis thence arises ; temperate climate predis
posing cause; Arctic experiences--Relation of nervous system to inflammation
of kidney--Cases of nephritis produced by exposure, in one of which rupture
of kidney occurred--Scarlatina as cause of renal disease; resultant organic
changes; cases illustrating symptoms and pathology of scarlatinal dropsy--
Other febrile disorders as causes of nephritis--Instance of the origin of the
disorder in acute rheumatism-Irritants foreign to the system as causes of
renal inflammation; toxic albuminuria. 52
CHAPTER VI.
TREATMENT OF NEPHRITIS.
Methods pursued by Bright, Christison, Prout, Todd, Johnson, Bence Jones, etc.
--General consideration of principles and details of treatment : blood-letting,
use of Water as a diuretic, digitalis, purgatives, iron--Antimony--Acupunc-
ture--Treatment of head-symptoms and of inflammatory complications
Cases illustrating treatment. 84
CHAPTER VII.
PATHOLOGY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Significance of the granular surface- Early stage of granular degeneration--Ad-
vanced stage--Alterations in appearance of 0rgan-Changes in interstitial
tissue, With consequent alterations in tubes, malpighian bodies. and epithelial
cells--Cysts-Renal blood-vessels obstructed--Extra-renal Vascular changes_
Vies of Guull and Sutton. 94
cHAPTER VIII.
CLINICAL HISTORY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION,
Sex anti age of its subjects--Causes and antecedents--Unconnected with tubercle
--Climatic predisposition-Heredity--Gout, lead and alcohol--Valvular dis-
ease of heart; example of this origin of the renal disorder--Pregnancy; in-
stances of renal disease produced thereby--Scarlatina intermittent fever, re-
tention of urine and general fibrosis as causes of granular degeneration. 105
CHAPTER IX.
SYMPTOMS OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION OF THE KIDNEY.
Insidious beginning-Change of complexion-Early signs--Signs of more advanced
disease--Dyspepsia--Dropsy--Mental depression-Uraemic asthma-Hemor-
rhagic attacks, apoplexy, retinal hemorrhage --Intlammatory complications;
ulceration of bowel--Cerebral uremia--Tableb of symptoms --Urine: its gen-
eral microscopic and Chemical characters--Cases illustrating the. progress and
complications of the disease. 126
CHAPTER X.
TREATMENT OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Capable of alleviation though not of cure--Change of climate--Use of Turkish
and vapor baths-Of purgatives--Iron-Food and drink--Treatment of dropsy
by iron, diuretics, purging, sweating, and puncture--Of dyspepsia and vomit-
ing--Of uraemic head-symptoms--Intolerance of opium--Treatment of inflam- `
matory attacks, of renal asthma, of laryngeal oedema, of apoplexy, and of
epistaxis--Induction of premature labor--Cases illustrating therapeutical
points. 157
CHAPTER X1.
PATHOLOGY OF THE LARDACEUsCONTEINTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Structure of kidney-Its post-mortem state in health--Tables showing appear-
ances presented by tubes and epithelium in sixty-five healthy kidneys--Fatty
degeration of epithelim--Normal appearances of the epithelium, tubes,
fibrous tissue, and blood-vessels--Changes which may be taken as signs of
diseanse --Classiification of renal disease-Disease of the tubes, or tubal nephri-
tis, sometimes intertubally complicated ; of the fibrous tissue or granular de-
generation; of the blood and blood-vessels, or lardaceous change. 1
CHAPTER II.
ALBUMINOUS URINE AND FIBRINOUS CASTS IN THEIR GENERAL RELATION TO THE
PATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY.
Albuminuria from state of blood-From alterations in the kidney--Transudation
of serum, caused by renal congestion, by peculiar alteration in renal Vessels,
or by loss to the tubes of their epithelial lining-Fibrinous casts derived like
albumen from the liquor sanguinis--Their varieties and indications. 11
CHAPTER III.
PATHOLOGY or. NEPHRİTIS.
Change often limited to tubes --Acute form, congested kidney, changes evident to
naked eye and With the mioroscope --More chronic variety, large white kid-
ney, similarly considered--Obstruotion of tubes--Frequent participation of
the interstitial tissue in the--inflammatory process--Fatty degeneration--Renal
results of nephritis summarized--Mode of examining kidney with the microscope 16
CHAPTER IV.
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS OF NEPHRITIS.
Sex and age of subjects--Causes--Symptoms--Dropsy, laryngeal oedema, infilam-
matory and uraemic attacks-Symptoms in children and adults compared--
Tendency to recovery--Duration of disease-Causes of death--Tabular an-
alysis of symptoms--Urine; its general microscopical and chemical charac-
ters--Cases illustrating natural history of disease 27
CHAPTER V.
CAUSES OF NEPHRITIS CONSIDERED IN DETAIL
Cold-Circumstances in which nephritis thence arises ; temperate climate predis
posing cause; Arctic experiences--Relation of nervous system to inflammation
of kidney--Cases of nephritis produced by exposure, in one of which rupture
of kidney occurred--Scarlatina as cause of renal disease; resultant organic
changes; cases illustrating symptoms and pathology of scarlatinal dropsy--
Other febrile disorders as causes of nephritis--Instance of the origin of the
disorder in acute rheumatism-Irritants foreign to the system as causes of
renal inflammation; toxic albuminuria. 52
CHAPTER VI.
TREATMENT OF NEPHRITIS.
Methods pursued by Bright, Christison, Prout, Todd, Johnson, Bence Jones, etc.
--General consideration of principles and details of treatment : blood-letting,
use of Water as a diuretic, digitalis, purgatives, iron--Antimony--Acupunc-
ture--Treatment of head-symptoms and of inflammatory complications
Cases illustrating treatment. 84
CHAPTER VII.
PATHOLOGY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Significance of the granular surface- Early stage of granular degeneration--Ad-
vanced stage--Alterations in appearance of 0rgan-Changes in interstitial
tissue, With consequent alterations in tubes, malpighian bodies. and epithelial
cells--Cysts-Renal blood-vessels obstructed--Extra-renal Vascular changes_
Vies of Guull and Sutton. 94
cHAPTER VIII.
CLINICAL HISTORY OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION,
Sex anti age of its subjects--Causes and antecedents--Unconnected with tubercle
--Climatic predisposition-Heredity--Gout, lead and alcohol--Valvular dis-
ease of heart; example of this origin of the renal disorder--Pregnancy; in-
stances of renal disease produced thereby--Scarlatina intermittent fever, re-
tention of urine and general fibrosis as causes of granular degeneration. 105
CHAPTER IX.
SYMPTOMS OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION OF THE KIDNEY.
Insidious beginning-Change of complexion-Early signs--Signs of more advanced
disease--Dyspepsia--Dropsy--Mental depression-Uraemic asthma-Hemor-
rhagic attacks, apoplexy, retinal hemorrhage --Intlammatory complications;
ulceration of bowel--Cerebral uremia--Tableb of symptoms --Urine: its gen-
eral microscopic and Chemical characters--Cases illustrating the. progress and
complications of the disease. 126
CHAPTER X.
TREATMENT OF GRANULAR DEGENERATION.
Capable of alleviation though not of cure--Change of climate--Use of Turkish
and vapor baths-Of purgatives--Iron-Food and drink--Treatment of dropsy
by iron, diuretics, purging, sweating, and puncture--Of dyspepsia and vomit-
ing--Of uraemic head-symptoms--Intolerance of opium--Treatment of inflam- `
matory attacks, of renal asthma, of laryngeal oedema, of apoplexy, and of
epistaxis--Induction of premature labor--Cases illustrating therapeutical
points. 157
CHAPTER X1.
PATHOLOGY OF THE LARDACEUs DISEASE.
Organic change variously designated--Widely distributed--Parts affected--Depo-
sition of new material detected by reaction of iodine--Situations and charac-
ters of deposit--Resembles dealkalized fibrin--Mineral constituents of affected
organs--Organic enlargement contrasted with that of rickets -Artificial pro-
duction of lardaceous reaction--The two causes of the disease, suppuration
and syphilis, considered--Morbid anatomy with reference to the kidneys-
General changes; reaction of iodine-Association with interstitial fibrosis,
changes in tubes, development of cysts--Connection between pathology and :
Symptoms.167
CHAPTER XII
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYPTOMS OF LARDACEOUS DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY.
Sex and age of subjects--Disorder easy of recognition when antecedents are ap-
parent--Access of symptoms--Course slow, sometimes latent-Polyuria, thirst,
dropsy --İnflammatory complications -- Diarrhoea and vomiting -- Cerebral
uraemia-Causes of death--Cardio-vascular changes--Hemorrhagic attacks-
Endocarditis--Table of symptoms-Characters of urine, general, microscopic,
and chemical--Cases illustrating Origin and course and surgical aspects of the
disease. 188
CHAPTER XIII
TREATMENT OF THE LARDACEOUS DISEASE.
Preventive--Arrest of suppuration--Medical aspect of surgical operations--Com-
pensative treatment of suppuration--Curative measures--Iodide of potassium
--Potash--Treatment of symptoms; of dropsy ; of uraemic attacks ; of di-
arrhoea, etc.--Cases illustrative of treatment. 212
CHAPTER XIV.
ON THE CONDITION OF THE HEART AND ARTERIES IN CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE.
Views of Bright, of Johnson, of Gull and Sutton--Morbid anatomy of thickened
arteries--Distribution of ventricular hypertrophy--Appeal to the pathology
of childhood, With instances of cardio-vascular change in many circumstances
of early renal disease, and inferences therefrom-Results of destruction of
renal substance by calculous disease--Evidence of sphygmograph--General
conclusions. 223
CHAPTER XV.
ON THE RETINAL CHANGES COMMON TO ALBUMINURIA.
Passing blindness of uraemic origin-Retinal changes, oedema, hemorrhage, white
spots--Post-mortem appearances of eye--Disturbances of vision--Treatment
of retinal disorder--Its distribution in relation to the several forms of renal
disease. 244
CHAPTER XVI.
THE BLOOD IN ALBUMINURIA
General alterations--Changes observed in each disorder considered separately,
With table of analyses--Numerical estimation of blood-corpuscles in each dis-
ease, with details in a tabular form--General conclusions--Nature of uraemia. 250
CHAPTER XVII
GENERAL COMPARISON ON THE THREE FORMS OF RENAL DISEASE WHICH HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED.
Age selected by each disorder--Diagram-Comparison of symptoms in each, with
tables showing percentage of secondary affections. 265
CHAPTER XVIII.
ALCOHOL AS A CAUSE OF RENAL DISEASE
Sources of error--State of kidneys after death by delirium tremens; in persons
employed in the liquor trade ; and in reputed drunkards--Inferences from
pathological observation; liver and kidney differently affected by alcoholic
drinks--Table showing distribution of renal disease in regard to local drink,
intemperance, and occupation. 271
CHPTER XIX
CLIMATE IN RELATION TO RENAL DISEASE.
Sources of information--Prevalence of albuminuria and of syphilis among British
troops at various stations, With particulars of climate--Mortality from renal
disease in various cities of the world and in various counties of England and r
Scotland-General prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates, With ex-
emption of moderately hot and extremely cold countries-Further details as
to distribution of disease-Lardaceous disorder common in hot countries-
Attempt to account for the prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates
--Variability of temperature and humidity causes of renal disease---Practical
conclusions 280
INDEX 293 DISEASE.
Organic change variously designated--Widely distributed--Parts affected--Depo-
sition of new material detected by reaction of iodine--Situations and charac-
ters of deposit--Resembles dealkalized fibrin--Mineral constituents of affected
organs--Organic enlargement contrasted with that of rickets -Artificial pro-
duction of lardaceous reaction--The two causes of the disease, suppuration
and syphilis, considered--Morbid anatomy with reference to the kidneys-
General changes; reaction of iodine-Association with interstitial fibrosis,
changes in tubes, development of cysts--Connection between pathology and :
Symptoms.167
CHAPTER XII
CLINICAL HISTORY AND SYPTOMS OF LARDACEOUS DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY.
Sex and age of subjects--Disorder easy of recognition when antecedents are ap-
parent--Access of symptoms--Course slow, sometimes latent-Polyuria, thirst,
dropsy --İnflammatory complications -- Diarrhoea and vomiting -- Cerebral
uraemia-Causes of death--Cardio-vascular changes--Hemorrhagic attacks-
Endocarditis--Table of symptoms-Characters of urine, general, microscopic,
and chemical--Cases illustrating Origin and course and surgical aspects of the
disease. 188
CHAPTER XIII
TREATMENT OF THE LARDACEOUS DISEASE.
Preventive--Arrest of suppuration--Medical aspect of surgical operations--Com-
pensative treatment of suppuration--Curative measures--Iodide of potassium
--Potash--Treatment of symptoms; of dropsy ; of uraemic attacks ; of di-
arrhoea, etc.--Cases illustrative of treatment. 212
CHAPTER XIV.
ON THE CONDITION OF THE HEART AND ARTERIES IN CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE.
Views of Bright, of Johnson, of Gull and Sutton--Morbid anatomy of thickened
arteries--Distribution of ventricular hypertrophy--Appeal to the pathology
of childhood, With instances of cardio-vascular change in many circumstances
of early renal disease, and inferences therefrom-Results of destruction of
renal substance by calculous disease--Evidence of sphygmograph--General
conclusions. 223
CHAPTER XV.
ON THE RETINAL CHANGES COMMON TO ALBUMINURIA.
Passing blindness of uraemic origin-Retinal changes, oedema, hemorrhage, white
spots--Post-mortem appearances of eye--Disturbances of vision--Treatment
of retinal disorder--Its distribution in relation to the several forms of renal
disease. 244
CHAPTER XVI.
THE BLOOD IN ALBUMINURIA
General alterations--Changes observed in each disorder considered separately,
With table of analyses--Numerical estimation of blood-corpuscles in each dis-
ease, with details in a tabular form--General conclusions--Nature of uraemia. 250
CHAPTER XVII
GENERAL COMPARISON ON THE THREE FORMS OF RENAL DISEASE WHICH HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED.
Age selected by each disorder--Diagram-Comparison of symptoms in each, with
tables showing percentage of secondary affections. 265
CHAPTER XVIII.
ALCOHOL AS A CAUSE OF RENAL DISEASE
Sources of error--State of kidneys after death by delirium tremens; in persons
employed in the liquor trade ; and in reputed drunkards--Inferences from
pathological observation; liver and kidney differently affected by alcoholic
drinks--Table showing distribution of renal disease in regard to local drink,
intemperance, and occupation. 271
CHPTER XIX
CLIMATE IN RELATION TO RENAL DISEASE.
Sources of information--Prevalence of albuminuria and of syphilis among British
troops at various stations, With particulars of climate--Mortality from renal
disease in various cities of the world and in various counties of England and r
Scotland-General prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates, With ex-
emption of moderately hot and extremely cold countries-Further details as
to distribution of disease-Lardaceous disorder common in hot countries-
Attempt to account for the prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates
--Variability of temperature and humidity causes of renal disease---Practical
conclusions 280
INDEX 293IA
General alterations--Changes observed in each disorder considered separately,
With table of analyses--Numerical estimation of blood-corpuscles in each dis-
ease, with details in a tabular form--General conclusions--Nature of uraemia. 250
CHAPTER XVII
GENERAL COMPARISON ON THE THREE FORMS OF RENAL DISEASE WHICH HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED.
Age selected by each disorder--Diagram-Comparison of symptoms in each, with
tables showing percentage of secondary affections. 265
CHAPTER XVIII.
ALCOHOL AS A CAUSE OF RENAL DISEASE
Sources of error--State of kidneys after death by delirium tremens; in persons
employed in the liquor trade ; and in reputed drunkards--Inferences from
pathological observation; liver and kidney differently affected by alcoholic
drinks--Table showing distribution of renal disease in regard to local drink,
intemperance, and occupation. 271
CHPTER XIX
CLIMATE IN RELATION TO RENAL DISEASE.
Sources of information--Prevalence of albuminuria and of syphilis among British
troops at various stations, With particulars of climate--Mortality from renal
disease in various cities of the world and in various counties of England and r
Scotland-General prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates, With ex-
emption of moderately hot and extremely cold countries-Further details as
to distribution of disease-Lardaceous disorder common in hot countries-
Attempt to account for the prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates
--Variability of temperature and humidity causes of renal disease---Practical
conclusions 280
INDEX 293uraemic origin-Retinal changes, oedema, hemorrhage, white
spots--Post-mortem appearances of eye--Disturbances of vision--Treatment
of retinal disorder--Its distribution in relation to the several forms of renal
disease. 244
CHAPTER XVI.
THE BLOOD IN ALBUMINURIA
General alterations--Changes observed in each disorder considered separately,
With table of analyses--Numerical estimation of blood-corpuscles in each dis-
ease, with details in a tabular form--General conclusions--Nature of uraemia. 250
CHAPTER XVII
GENERAL COMPARISON ON THE THREE FORMS OF RENAL DISEASE WHICH HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED.
Age selected by each disorder--Diagram-Comparison of symptoms in each, with
tables showing percentage of secondary affections. 265
CHAPTER XVIII.
ALCOHOL AS A CAUSE OF RENAL DISEASE
Sources of error--State of kidneys after death by delirium tremens; in persons
employed in the liquor trade ; and in reputed drunkards--Inferences from
pathological observation; liver and kidney differently affected by alcoholic
drinks--Table showing distribution of renal disease in regard to local drink,
intemperance, and occupation. 271
CHPTER XIX
CLIMATE IN RELATION TO RENAL DISEASE.
Sources of information--Prevalence of albuminuria and of syphilis among British
troops at various stations, With particulars of climate--Mortality from renal
disease in various cities of the world and in various counties of England and r
Scotland-General prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates, With ex-
emption of moderately hot and extremely cold countries-Further details as
to distribution of disease-Lardaceous disorder common in hot countries-
Attempt to account for the prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates
--Variability of temperature and humidity causes of renal disease---Practical
conclusions 280
INDEX 293 and inferences therefrom-Results of destruction of
renal substance by calculous disease--Evidence of sphygmograph--General
conclusions. 223
CHAPTER XV.
ON THE RETINAL CHANGES COMMON TO ALBUMINURIA.
Passing blindness of uraemic origin-Retinal changes, oedema, hemorrhage, white
spots--Post-mortem appearances of eye--Disturbances of vision--Treatment
of retinal disorder--Its distribution in relation to the several forms of renal
disease. 244
CHAPTER XVI.
THE BLOOD IN ALBUMINURIA
General alterations--Changes observed in each disorder considered separately,
With table of analyses--Numerical estimation of blood-corpuscles in each dis-
ease, with details in a tabular form--General conclusions--Nature of uraemia. 250
CHAPTER XVII
GENERAL COMPARISON ON THE THREE FORMS OF RENAL DISEASE WHICH HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED.
Age selected by each disorder--Diagram-Comparison of symptoms in each, with
tables showing percentage of secondary affections. 265
CHAPTER XVIII.
ALCOHOL AS A CAUSE OF RENAL DISEASE
Sources of error--State of kidneys after death by delirium tremens; in persons
employed in the liquor trade ; and in reputed drunkards--Inferences from
pathological observation; liver and kidney differently affected by alcoholic
drinks--Table showing distribution of renal disease in regard to local drink,
intemperance, and occupation. 271
CHPTER XIX
CLIMATE IN RELATION TO RENAL DISEASE.
Sources of information--Prevalence of albuminuria and of syphilis among British
troops at various stations, With particulars of climate--Mortality from renal
disease in various cities of the world and in various counties of England and r
Scotland-General prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates, With ex-
emption of moderately hot and extremely cold countries-Further details as
to distribution of disease-Lardaceous disorder common in hot countries-
Attempt to account for the prevalence of albuminuria in temperate climates
--Variability of temperature and humidity causes of renal disease---Practical
conclusions 280
INDEX 293
